Renal artery involvement in a patient with Takayasu's arteritis: case report and literature review

Abstract

Introduction: Takayasu's arteritis (TAK) is an idiopathic granulomatous large vessel disease predominantly affecting the aorta, main arterial branches and pulmonary arteries. The prevalence is higher in adults than in children, with an incidence of 1.1 per million people. Its etiology remains poorly understood. Case Report: We present the case of a pediatric patient with loss of left renal mass due to decreased ipsilateral renal artery caliber months after the debut of Takayasu's arteritis as abdominal aortic aneurysm. The patient meets TAK criteria according to EULAR/PRINTO/PReS classification based on angiographic abnormality, arterial hypertension and elevated acute phase reactants. TAK presents systemic involvement and cardiovascular alterations (75-85%), hypertension in more than 80% of cases, with renal artery stenosis in almost 50% of patients. Conclusions: The general treatment of TAK is aimed at controlling vascular inflammation and preventing irreversible organ damage. Despite early diagnosis with timely and aggressive treatment, follow-up in Takayasu's disease is imperative as progression may still occur. Strategies should be established to ensure adherence to follow-up.